大部分人應(yīng)該都知道，最早的鼎是用黏土燒制的陶鼎，人們將它作為煮肉的烹飪器。到了奴隸社會(huì)，有了用青銅鑄造的銅鼎，銅鼎是怎么從煮飯的工具變成后來象征王權(quán)的傳國(guó)重器的呢？

Most people should know that the earliest tripod was made of clay. People used it as a cooking utensil for cooking meat. In the slave society, with the bronze tripod, how did the bronze tripod change from a cooking tool to a later symbol of the royal power?

隨著國(guó)家的變遷、社會(huì)制度的變化以及文化的發(fā)展，鼎器的作用也在發(fā)生變化。 早在夏朝時(shí)就有有關(guān)鼎的傳說。傳說夏禹曾收九牧之金鑄九鼎于荊山之下，以象征九州，并在上面鐫刻魑魅魍魎的圖形，讓人們警惕，防止被其傷害。正是由于禹鑄九鼎這個(gè)傳說，鼎就從一般的炊器發(fā)展為傳國(guó)重器，象征著國(guó)家政權(quán)，國(guó)滅則鼎遷。

With the change of the country, the change of social system and the development of culture, the role of tripod ware is also changing. As early as the Xia Dynasty, there was a legend about Ding. It is said that Xiayu once collected the gold of Jiumu and cast Jiuding under Jingshan mountain to symbolize Jiuzhou, and engraved the figures of demons and monsters on it to make people alert and prevent them from being hurt. It is because of the legend of Yu casting nine tripods that the tripod developed from a common cooker to a national important one, symbolizing the state power. When the state was destroyed, the tripod moved.

對(duì)銅鼎的擁有和使用，是身份等級(jí)差別的標(biāo)志之一。在周代，就有所謂“天子九鼎，諸侯七鼎，卿大夫五鼎，元士三鼎”等使用數(shù)量的規(guī)定。鼎之所以被珍重，皆因其造工精美以及歷史性極高?；蕦m所鑄造的鼎，線條蒼勁有力，細(xì)膩委婉，形體工穩(wěn)大方，其上更是刻畫著一張恢宏壯觀的精美畫卷。

The possession and use of the bronze tripod is one of the symbols of the difference in status. In the Zhou Dynasty, there were so-called "nine tripods for the emperor, seven tripods for the princes, five tripods for the officials and three tripods for the scholars of the Yuan Dynasty". The reason why Ding is valued is because of its exquisite workmanship and high historical value. The tripod cast by the imperial palace is vigorous and powerful in lines, delicate and graceful in shape, and it depicts a magnificent and exquisite picture.

青銅鼎不僅用于祭祀天地祖神，而且是喪葬制度中身份地位的衡量器。如西周時(shí)期隨葬制度中明確規(guī)定天子九鼎八簋、諸侯七鼎六簋、卿大夫五鼎三簋、士三鼎二簋，形成了一套嚴(yán)密的宗法禮樂制度，也稱“列鼎”制度。傳說中有大禹鑄九鼎以定天下、楚莊王問鼎中原、秦惠文王尋鼎的故事，也有君子一言九鼎、三足鼎立、鐘鳴鼎食等成語出現(xiàn)。春秋以后，各封侯國(guó)各自為政，盛行于西周的列鼎制度遭到僭越破壞。到了漢代，人們視青銅鼎為祥瑞之兆，漢武帝因于汾水之上得鼎，所以將年號(hào)改為元鼎。

The bronze tripod is not only used to offer sacrifices to the ancestors of heaven and earth, but also a measure of status in the funeral system. For example, the burial system of the Western Zhou Dynasty clearly stipulated that the emperor's nine tripods and eight tripods, the princes' seven tripods and six tripods, the officials' five tripods and three tripods and two tripods, which formed a set of strict patriarchal rites and music system, also known as the "lieding" system. According to the legend, there are stories about Dayu casting nine tripods to settle the world, King Zhuang of Chu seeking the Central Plains and King Huiwen of Qin seeking the tripod. There are also idioms such as a gentleman's one word nine tripods, tripod tripod, Zhong Ming Ding Shi and so on. After the spring and Autumn period, the feudal states acted on their own, and the lieding system prevailing in the Western Zhou Dynasty was violated. In the Han Dynasty, people regarded the bronze tripod as a sign of auspiciousness. Because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got the tripod above Fenshui, he changed the year name to Yuan tripod.

鼎器又是旌功記績(jī)的禮器。周代的國(guó)君或王公大臣在重大慶典或接受賞賜時(shí)都要鑄鼎，以記載盛況。禮俗至今仍然有一定影響。有時(shí)國(guó)家間或各地區(qū)間舉行的一些重大慶典中，鼎成為不可或缺的一部分。

The tripod vessel is also a ritual vessel for honoring merits and recording achievements. In the Zhou Dynasty, emperors or princes and ministers were required to cast tripods to record the grand occasion during major celebrations or awards. Etiquette and custom still have a certain influence. Sometimes the tripod becomes an indispensable part of some important celebrations held between countries or regions.